In letteratura sono presenti numerose ed interessanti Review sui funghi medicinali e i loro principali composti attivi. Di seguito vi proponiamo quelle attinenti alle potenzialità dei Reishi e dei suoi attivi, in particolar modo i composti triterpenici.
Per ulteriori approfondimenti, Vi invito a visitare in particolare i principali database scientifici (assicurandoti che gli studi che leggi siano possibilmente "peer-reviewed"):
PUBMED, COCHRANE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR
REVIEW SELEZIONATE E DISPONIBILI SULL'ARGOMENTO:
REVIEW 1
Effetti cellulari e fisiologici del Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi).
Abstract
In Asia, a variety of dietary products have been used for centuries as popular remedies to prevent or treat different diseases. A large number of herbs and extracts from medicinal mushrooms are used for the treatment of diseases. Mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), Lentinus edodes (Shiitake), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), Hericium erinaceum (Yamabushitake), and Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) have been collected and consumed in China, Korea, and Japan for centuries. Until recently, these mushrooms were largely unknown in the West and were considered 'fungi' without any nutritional value. However, most mushrooms are rich in vitamins, fiber, and amino acids and low in fat, cholesterol, and calories. These mushrooms contain a large variety of biologically active polysaccharides with immunostimulatory properties, which contribute to their anticancer effects. Furthermore, other bioactive substances, including triterpenes, proteins, lipids, cerebrosides, and phenols, have been identified and characterized in medicinal mushrooms. This review summarizes the biological effects of Ganoderma lucidum upon specific signaling molecules and pathways, which are responsible for its therapeutic effects.
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REVIEW 2
Caratteristiche chimiche dei polisaccaridi di Ganoderma con attività antiossidante, antitumorale e antimicrobica.
Abstract
Ganoderma genus comprises one of the most commonly studied species worldwide, Ganoderma lucidum. However, other Ganodermaspecies have been also reported as important sources of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides are important contributors to the medicinal properties reported for Ganoderma species, as demonstrated by the numerous publications, including reviews, on this matter. Yet, what are the chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides that have bioactivity? In the present manuscript, the chemical features of Ganodermapolysaccharides with reported antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities (the most studied worldwide) are analyzed in detail. The composition of sugars (homo- versus hetero-glucans and other polysaccharides), type of glycosidic linkages, branching patterns, and linkage to proteins are discussed. Methods for extraction, isolation and identification are evaluated and, finally, the bioactivity of polysaccharidic extracts and purified compounds are discussed. The integration of data allows deduction of structure-activity relationships and gives clues to the chemical aspects involved in Ganoderma bioactivity.
REVIEW 3
Ganoderma lucidum e i suoi composti attivi.
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.
REVIEW 4
Tre funghi medicinali noti: una rassegna di studi clinici sull'uomo.
Abstract
There are many mushroom supplements on the market claiming a variety of health benefits, and it is difficult to discern which of these claims is backed by reliable research. Most of the existing research is conducted using either human cells or animal models rather than human participants. Without being tested directly on humans, this research has limited application. A review of the literature reveals a relatively small number of studies have been conducted using human patients and those that do exist vary widely in study design and quality. This article brings together all the existing studies that involve human participants for three popular mushroom species that are commonly consumed as dietary supplements. The three species reviewed are Agaricus blazei or royal sun agaric, Inonotus obliquus or chaga, and Ganoderma lucidum or reishi. Each study described includes the study’s design, the condition being treated, the preparation, dosage, and duration of treatment, the number of subjects, and a summary of the results. The outcome of these studies is variable and caution is recommended when extrapolating the results. Many factors, such as poor study design, small sample sizes, lack of replication, mushroom variability, and problematic statistical methods, make it difficult to rely on the results of any individual study. Further research using well designed clinical trials is needed to establish medicinal benefits for these three mushroom species.
REVIEW 5
Potenziale farmacologico dei funghi.
Abstract
This review describes pharmacologically active compounds from mushrooms. Compounds and complex substances with antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antiallergic, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and central activities are covered, focusing on the review of recent literature. The production of mushrooms or mushroom compounds is discussed briefly.
REVIEW 6
Modulazione immunitaria dei 5 principali funghi: applicazione in oncologia integrata.
Abstract
This review discusses the immunological roles of 5 major mushrooms in oncology: Agaricus blazei, Cordyceps sinensis, Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum, and Trametes versicolor. These mushrooms were selected based on the body of research performed on mushroom immunology in an oncology model. First, this article focuses on how mushrooms modify cytokines within specific cancer models and on how those cytokines affect the disease process. Second, this article examines the direct effect of mushrooms on cancer. Finally, this article presents an analysis of how mushrooms interact with chemotherapeutic agents, including their effects on its efficacy and on the myelosuppression that results from it. For these 5 mushrooms, an abundance of in vitro evidence exists that elucidates the anticancer immunological mechanisms. Preliminary research in humans is also available and is promising for treatment.